Electric lamp



(No Model.) -2Sheets -Sheet 1.

J. R. DALES & W. H. MARKLAND.

ELECTRIC LAMP.

No. 344,252. Patented June 22, 1886.

a. min MW Withinflon D.C.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. R. DALES & W. H. MARKLAND.

ELECTRIC LAMP.

No. 344,252. PatentedJune 22, 1886.

YWITNEEEEE: INVENTDFIE WM. 3 fir UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

JOSEPH R. DALES, OF PHILADELPHIA, AND IVYLLIS H. MARKLAND, OF ALTOONA,ASSIGNORS TO MONROE K. REEVES, OF PHILADELPHIA,

PENNSYLVANIA.

ELECTRIC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 344,252, dated June 22,1886.

Application filed September 29,1885. Serial No. 17 ,537 (No model.)

To (ZZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JosEPn R. DALES, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, and \NYLLisH. DIARKLAND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Altoona, inthe county of Blair, in said State, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Electric Lamps; and we do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of thisspecification, in which Figure l is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 anotherside or end elevation transverse to Fig. 1, of a lamp embodying ourimprovements. Fig. 3 is a detail View of modified form of clutch. Fig. Lis a perspective of clutch-plate.

Our invention relates to that type of arc lamps in which are employedcurved carbons and our improvements have for their principal objects,first, to provide novel means for feeding and for separating thecarbons, and, second, to provide a cut-off or safety switch of peculiarconstruction.

The means for feeding and for separating the carbons comprise two armspivoted or fulcrumed on the frame of the lamp in such manner as topermit their free or outward ends to approach toward and move from eachother; a pair of differential gear-wheels or wheel and pinion whichintermesh, and to the shafts of which the swinging arms are secured; acoiled spring secured in a casing or shell,to which one of the swingingarms is fastened; weights for counterbalancing the swinging arms; aclutch which operates on said casing, two differential magnets with anarmaturelever common to both, and a connection between saidarmaturelever and clutch, so that the latter will be duly relaxed topermit the carbons to be fed under the influence of the spring, and willbe tightened or clutched, so as to move the arms in opposition to theinu fluence of the spring, to produce separation of the carbons and theestablishment of the are. The cut-off or safety switch comprises twodifferential magnets and an armature-lever common to both, withconnections of a peculiar character, as hereinafter fully set forth.

In addition to the novel means for feeding the carbons and the peculiarcut-off, our improvements comprise devices for adjusting the carbons tosecure their alignment, and also certain details of construction andcombinations, as hereinafter fully described.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, A represents a plate forming apart of the frame of the lamp, to which are attached suspension-hooks aa. Depending from the under side and middle of this plate is a rigidhanger, B. In a bracket, 0, on the lower end of this hanger two shortshafts,D and E, have theirbearings,and on said shafts, respectively, area gear-wheel, d, and a pinion, e, which intermesh. The wheel (I isdouble the diameter of pinion e.

To the shaft D is secured an arm, F, and to shaft E is secured a drum orspringcasing, G. Vhen said shafts are rotated or rocked, the arm Fswings and the casing G turns axially.

To said casing G is fastened an insulated arm,

H. The'arms F and H swing when the shafts D and E are rotated or rocked,and the movements of said arms are toward each other or apart, accordingto the direction of rotation of said shafts.

Owing to the difference in the diameters of the wheel (1 and pinion e,the shafts D and E have differential speeds, and the arm I-I movesfaster than the arm F. The arm H holds the positive electrode and thearm F the negative electrode. Said arms have at their outer ends carbonholders or clamps I I, which are pivoted at t i in forks or slots insaid arms, and are provided with set-screws 13,to permit theiradjustment so as to preserve the alignment of the carbons in case of anyirregularity of the curvature of thelatter,or in the radius of either ofthem.

The carbons used with our improved lamp are curved and of unequallength,and the feed is designed to maintain the are at a fixed orsubstantially fixed point. It is designed to have the feed positive, asopposed to gravity alone, and to depend upon or be aided by the actionof a spring. Accordingly the weight of the carbons and their arms iscounterbalanced by weights K K, secured to arms k and k diametrically ornearly diametrically opposed to the arms F and H, and secured to theshafts D and E, and a coiled spring, L, is located in the casing G,vhaving its inner end secured to pinion-shaft E, its outer end beingfastened to a pin, 1, projecting from the hanger B. As the spring Luncoils, it communicates motion to shafts D and E, and causes arms F andH to approach each other, thus feeding the carbons. The spring uncoilswhenever the casing G is released from the restraint of a clutch,M,andthis release is effected whenever the resistance of the arc becomessuperior to that of the shunt-magnet N,

Any suitable form of clutch may be employed to so restrain and releasethe spring L. One such form is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and com prises abracket, on, secured to hanger B, and a plate, m, having a slot, m whichembraces or fits over the ring 9 of casing G, and is pivotally attachedto the lower end of ast-rap,m, whose upper end is secured to one arm ofan I armature-lever, O. Said armature-lever is pivoted at its center onthe hanger B, and is common to both the shunt-magnet N and the mainmagnet P. The slotted clutch-plate m rests on the bracket m, and is heldin contact therewith by a spring, m, secured to said bracket. Normallythe plate m lies in such a plane that the opposite edges of the slot mimpinge upon and clutch the rim 9 of the casing G, the main magnet Pbeing then energized and holding the adjacent end of the armature-leverO attracted. This prevents rotation of the easing G under the influenceof the coiled spring L; but when the arc lengthens and the shuntmagnet Noverpowers the main magnet P the oppositeend of the armature-lever O(that is, the end adjacent to the shunt-magnet) is attracted, theeffectbeing that the plate mis lowered or tilted into such a plane thatit does not clutch or restrain the casing G, and the latter then rotatesunder the influence of the coiled spring sufiiciently to bring the endsof the carbon pencils together or nearer to each other. The main magnetthen receives a larger percentage and the shunt-magnet a smallerpercentage of the current, on account of the are being shorter and ofless resistance, thus energizing the former and causing it to attractthe adjacent end of the armature-lever O. This lifts or tilts plate m,so that it clutches rim g, and turns back the casing G against theinfluence or pressure of the spring L sufiicientl y to form the are orto establish the proper length of the latter. The armature-lever O has aretracting-spring, 0, and a dash-pot, 0, for the purposes for which suchdevices are usually employed.

A modified form of clutch is shown in Fig. 3, where is illustrated aband, m partly encircling the rim 9 of easing G, and having its oppositeends attached, respectively, to the the same effect as the clutch-platem, already described; and,eonversel y, when shunt-magnet N is energizedso as to attract its contiguous end of armature-lever O, the bandslackens sufficiently to permit the casing G to be rotated under theinfluence of the spring L, thus moving arms F and H and feeding thecarbons,

as already described.

The cut-01f or safety switch comprises two difierential magnets, Q andR, an armature-lever, S, common to both said magnets, and centrallyfulcrumed at s on hanger B, a resistance, T, and connections andcontacts, as hereinafter set forth. The magnet Q is a high-resistancemagnetsay about thirty ohms-and the magnet R is of low resistance-sayabout onefiftieth of an ohm. The adjacent end of the armature-leverS,when there is no current in the .lamp, is held in contact with thecore q of magnet Q, or with a stop projecting therefrom, by means of aspring, 8'. The current entering at 1 has three paths open to it. Thefirst path is by connection 2 to magnet R, thence by connection 3 tomagnet P, thence by connection 4 to insulated arm H, through the carbonsand arm F to frame of lamp, and out at 8. This is the path of leastresistance when the carbon points are touching each other, and thecurrent on taking this path energizes the main magnet P and the cutoffmagnet R, thus efl'ecting the movement of the armaturelever S away fromcontact with the core of magnet Q, and the separation of the carbons toestablish the are. When the extension of the arc increases itsresistance sufficiently to divert a considerable portion of the current,such portion passing by connection 5 to the shunt-magnet energizes thelatter, traveling thence by connection 6' to magnet Q, through latter,and by connection 7 to frame of lam p, and out at 8. When shunt-magnetNis energized, it attracts the adjacent end of armature-lever O,releasing clutch M, and permitting the carbons to be fed by springaction, as already described. In case of any accident, or when, by anymeans, the arc gets abnormally long, magnet Q attracts armature-lever S,thus cutting out or short-circuiting the lamp, the

major part of the current passing by Way of the resistance T through thecore of the magnet Q (or through any other equivalent circuit outside ofsaid magnet which may be provided for the purpose) and armature-lever Sto the frame of the lamp, and said armature-lever being held in contactwith said core by the spring 8.

While we have described two forms of the clutch, we do not wish to beconfined thereto or to either, as said forms may be modified or new onessubstituted without changing the cssential character of our invention.Neither do we restrict ourinveution to a coiled spring operating to movethe arms when uncoiling, as other forms of springs may be substitutedtherefor.

Ve have shown and described the wheel and pinion as of unlike diameters;but this is only necessary when the current is always in one direction,and in using alternating cur rents the feed-wheels of the lamp should beequalin diameter.

What we claim as our invention is as follows: I

1. In an e1ectriclamp,the combinatiomwith two swinging arms which formcarbon holders, of a wheel and pinion whose diameters differ, said wheeland pinion intermeshing and their shafts forming the fulcra of saidarms, wherel by when said shafts are rotated the arms will be movedunequal distances, respectively, and will feed one carbon fast-er andfarther than the other, substantially as shown and described.

2. In an electriclamp,the combination,with two swinging arms which formcarbon-holders, and whose fulcra are the shafts of an inter meshingwheel and pinion of unequal diame ters, of aspring having connectionwith one of said shafts, so that in exerting pressure it will move thearms toward each other, substantially as shown and described.

3. In an electric lamp, the combination, with two swinging arms whichform carbonholders, of an inter-meshing wheel and pinion of unlikediameters, a spring and its casing, and a clutch for the latter, one ofsaid arms being secured to the wheelshaft, the casing being secured tothe pinion-shaft and having secured to it the other said arm, said partsbeing constructed and combined for operation substantially as set forth,whereby when the casing is released from the restraint of the clutch thespring causes the arms to move toward each other, as set forth.

4. In an electric lamp,the combinatiou,with two swinging carbon-holdingarms, of an intermeshing wheel and pinion of unlike diameters whoseshafts are the fulcra of said arms, a coiled spring which is connectedwith and acts upon one of said shafts, a casing for said spring, aclutch which operates on said casing, a main-circuit magnet of lowresistance, a shunt high-resistance magnet, an armature lever common toboth said magnets, and a connection between said clutch and armaturelever,whereby when the electric current energizes the main magnet theclutch acts on the casing and moves the arms apart, and when suchcurrent energizes the shunt high-resistance magnet the clutch isreleased and the arms caused to move toward each other on der theinfluence of the spring, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing we have hereunto set our hands.

JOSEPH R, DALES. WYLLIS H. MARKLAND. W'itnesses as to J. It. Dalesssignature:

It. DALE SPARHAWK, M. D. GoNNoLLY. W'itncsses:

ROY A. TRAKER, J. A. RITOHEY.

